a and Conjunction aca- * ¡ laugh [about *, at ¡] Verb acae / acaj / acaw personal pronoun 0 Noun Clitic form acam possessive pronoun 0 Noun acra desert Noun ajd- (ajne) * ¡ prefer, choose ¡ [over *] Verb ajle if, on the condition that Conjunction ajri cool Noun ajso favorite, champion Noun From alfa- ¡ rest, relax ¡, recover Verb alma value, worthiness Noun alme worth, valuable, worthy Noun almo- * ¡ be worth *, be valuable to ¡; LIQ: cost * Verb amba father Noun amil comfortable, emotionally supported Noun amilla- ¡ comfort, console, support emotionally Verb amillaj counselor, emotional supporter Noun amma / ammae mother Noun anka- ¡ soothe, heal; extinguish (a fire) Verb ankadre angel Noun ansi sky Noun anzel pristine, flawless Noun aproz fresh, crisp; vigorous Noun areche- ¡ think about, ponder, consider Verb arie thought, idea Noun arimaj philosopher, thinker, sage Noun Shortened from arinje curious Noun arje- * ¡ muse about, wonder about *; hypothesize ¡ Verb arol river Noun arol- flow; fig: move smoothly and effortlessly Verb arolo aquaeduct, channel, pipeline Noun arom liquid, fluid Noun arutsi creek Noun atoj castle, fort; strong land house Noun atra also, as well Adverb From + atramwe also, furthermore, additionally Conjunction atranje additional Noun aw oh! (admiring, longing, mourning) Interjection awte already Adverb azen crystal Noun ba / bi / baw personal pronoun relative Noun bagga- * ¡ wound, injure ¡ with * Verb baj who (relative) Noun baj full of ..., rich in ..., ...ful Quantifier bajke short (spatially) Noun bak wound, injury Noun baliga healthy (food, treatment), wholesome Noun From + balma- * cuddle [against *] Verb balme soft; puffy Noun balmo pillow; padding Noun bamwe how (relative) Adverb bandi full, filled Noun banje the kind/sort of ... which ... (relative); a ... such as ..., a ... like ... Noun bante- * ¡ fill ¡ [with *] Verb bej world Noun bek- ¡ obey, be obedient to Verb bel- * ¡ take, acquire, accept * [from ¡] Verb belse- seize, confiscate, take by force Noun bem possessive pronoun relative Noun benka- ¡ serve (someone) Verb benkaj servant, vassal Noun bis- * can *, have the ability/possibility to * Verb bjon hunger Noun bjon- ¡ be hungry, hunger [for], yearn Verb bjonni hungry Noun bla for, for the sake of, for the benefit of Preposition blara- move slowly; stroll; loiter, idle Verb blaram- ¡ order, require, ask for Verb Related to and blare slow; inert Noun blize when (relative) Adverb bod left (hand side) Noun boje why (relative) Adverb bolna sun Noun Usually used in the definite form "the sun" bom / bombee heavy Noun bombyre lead (the metal) Noun bonce how much, how many (relative) Quantifier bonille sunlight Noun bore seed, grain Noun bra- * ¡ support, bear, carry, bolster (¡ with *) Verb braxe- ¡ sow, scatter, disperse Verb Related to brem 5, five Quantifier brezhde / brezete 40 Quantifier bron open Noun bron- (bronne) ¡ open Verb browne mountain (whole, AOT peak) Noun brulla- ¡ pee, urinate (at) Verb brulle urine Noun brunaja mountain range Noun bryl boot Noun buj- # need, require, necessitate Verb buru mud Noun bwala- * ¡ vomit *, expel * [from ¡] Verb bwat coal Noun bwel eye; fig: salient point Noun by whether Conjunction byn cloud Noun bynde liquor Noun bynna- # daydream, phantasize Verb From bys where (relative) Adverb byse necessary Noun cab- # may, might, maybe do Verb caj- # do * [to ¡], make # [for ¡, with/out of *] Verb cajja- # act *, perform ¡ Verb cajso act, deed, action Noun cal black Noun calla noble, classy Noun cambra maybe, perhaps Adverb cassi snake Noun cawg- (conge) * ¡ fall over * onto ¡, collapse, "hinfallen" Verb cawi empty Noun ce / cej 1, one Quantifier celde tree Noun cemwe alone, on one's own Adverb cengi lightning Noun cenja loneliness Noun cenje / cene alone, single, only Quantifier cenow [snow] only, not more than, but Adverb cenyr ugly Noun cere thief Noun cere- * ¡ steal * from ¡, rob ¡ Verb che (Clitic form of . See ) Noun chej causing, with the effect/consequence that... Preposition chem- # cause #, make ¡ (to be/do *) Verb chemmi productive, busy, prolific Noun chesse- # create Verb cif- * ¡ whisper, hiss * [to ¡] Verb ciga- # find, discover Verb cikku mouse Noun ciles sword (one-handed, one blade), sabre Noun cilon aria, solo song Noun cimi cautious, careful Noun cimia caution, carefulness Noun cinda- # advocate, condone *; agree with ¡ [on *], collaborate with ¡ Verb cine emotional part of the mind; "heart" Noun cinta favorable, good, fortunate; advocacy Noun cinta for, sympathizing with, pro- Preposition cinte- ¡ provide a service to ¡, be good for ¡, do a favor to ¡ Verb cintee service, favor (done) Noun cinto / cintoe profit, advantage Noun cir / ciren letter, character, symbol Noun cir- # write Verb cirnaja script, writing system Noun cirno pen Noun cisse- ¡ write down, note, capture (on media) Verb cisseso recipe; protocol Noun cisu thin; frail (figure) Noun citi room (personal, living); cubicle; chamber Noun citsomme wall (of a room, inside a house) Noun From and cogga- ¡ fell, bring to fall, trip Verb coje- ¡ empty; clear (a field etc.) Verb cola awe, respect, reverence Noun colon duet, song for two voices Noun colova- * ¡ impress * with ¡, inspire awe to ¡ Verb con 2, two Quantifier con- (conne) ¡ marry (first person perspective) Verb conaj partner (e.g. in a pair) Noun conaja relationship (of a couple) Noun conel wife, female partner Noun congles sword (two-handed, double blade) Noun conin husband, male partner Noun cono pair, couple Noun conse- * ¡ marry ¡ with *, marry ¡ [to each other] Verb cora- * thrive [on *], prosper Verb corad summer Noun corga violence Noun corge violent, brutal Noun cos fast, quick (movement) Noun cosse- ¡ flee from ¡, run away, escape Verb cow fast, quickly Adverb From cozhde / cozete 16, sixteen Quantifier cozhdecon / cozhdeconne 18, eighteen Quantifier cozhdes / cozhetcej 17, seventeen Quantifier culde sibling Noun culdel sister Noun culdin brother Noun culle within, inside of Preposition curso letter, written message Noun cus- * remain quiet, say nothing [about *] Verb Lat. "tacere", Germ. "schweigen" cussa / cussae silence, absence of sound Noun cuze wise, considerate, experienced Noun cyl lithe, slender Noun cyn- (cynne) ¡ hide ¡ (in *) Verb cynja- * ¡ keep * secret from ¡, treat * confidentially Verb cynje secret, confidential Noun From daborin dolphin Noun daj around (dynamic), encircling Preposition daj- re-..., continue ...ing Affix dajne cycle; fig: year Noun dajno circle Noun dajwa- ¡ return [to ¡] Verb das around (static), near Preposition dasa vicinity, closeness Noun dasni near Noun dazo past, history Noun Related to dazza- ¡ approach, come closer, come nearer Verb dej- # speak #, pronounce *, utter * Verb della ring; torus Noun dembi / dembee year Noun demlan day (from midnight to midnight, technical) Noun demlanje daily, of each day. Noun demwe again Adverb From dendja- ¡ remember, recall Verb From + densur month Noun dew- * ¡ search, seek, look out for ¡ [in *] Verb dexal south Noun dig- (dinge) * ¡ ask * [to ¡] Verb diga question Noun dine up, on top Adverb dinje high, elevated, aloft Noun dinne- * ¡ raise * onto ¡, elevate Verb dinnok- (dinnonke) ¡ ascend [to ¡] Verb dirdej- prophecise, predict, forecast Verb dirdejo prophecy, forecast, prediction Noun dirdemaj prophet, seer, oracle Noun direstae / direstaje leisure time, free time Noun From + diro future Noun Related to ditsi while; ~3 minutes Noun dizhora vacation (for traveling) Noun From + djen above Preposition djira time (volume, period) Noun AOT dju back (again) Adverb Related to dobi story, tale Noun dobja- * ¡ tell [* to ¡], narrate Verb dol lake Noun dolja- * ¡ bathe ¡ in * Verb dolje pool, bath Noun doljo- * bathe in * (intr.) Verb dolni flat and smooth (like a lake surface); reflective Noun dolno mirror Noun dolonje shiny, reflective; polished Noun doppe- ¡ make up (a lie) Verb From dose speech, parole Noun dowma coat Noun dranje long (temporally) Noun draz steam Noun dri after [spat.]; following ¡ [temp.] Preposition drife closed Verb drife- ¡ close Verb drinje next, following, subsequent, upcoming Noun dros- ¡ dig [into ¡] Verb drosmo shovel Noun druj nice, good, pleasant Noun short form of drunje nice, pleasant, kind Noun drusso trench, dug-out, hole in the ground Noun From dry hill Noun ducte night Noun dula music Noun dulka / dukal ship Noun dume down, on the bottom Adverb dunje low, not tall Noun dunjo dip, depression, dimple Noun dunne- * ¡ lower * onto ¡ Verb dunnok- (dunnonke) ¡ descend [from ¡] Verb duvi foot Noun dwon underneath, beneath, below Preposition dyfe smooth, fine (cloth etc.) Noun dygira time (as a dimension, lyrical) Noun dys place, location Noun dys- * ¡ put * to ¡, place, position ¡ Verb dzec limb, extremity Noun dzenzae yesterday Adverb dzexa- ¡ move (one's body), gesture, make movements Verb dzha before [spat. & temp.] Preposition dzhanje previous, one before; aforementioned Noun dzhon nap, short light sleep Noun dzhonna- nap, doze Verb ecte / etec dry (AOT wet) Noun ecte- ¡ dry (transitive) Verb ede green Noun eglan forest (alpine), woods Noun ele / il / lew personal pronoun II Noun Clitic form em possessive pronoun III Noun en- (enne) * lie (horizontally) [on *] Verb enda- * ¡ win [against ¡, at *]; succeed Verb endi / edin bed Noun enso couch; bunk Noun ente / entee first, earliest, winner (of a race) Noun epoj car; chariot Noun es- * ¡ ride [on * to ¡] Verb essad winter Noun From esta- ¡ regenerate, recuperate, rejuvenate Verb eved- (evende) ¡ lose, cease to have Verb evni inferior; less numerous Noun evve / evej less, fewer / least Noun fadu table Noun fajd- (fende) # dance [with *, for ¡] Verb fajde dance Noun falevni womanly, woman-like Noun From falve woman (adult) Noun fango / fagon shoulder Noun fangu / fagun dull (knife), blunt Noun far horn Noun fara- * bugle, klaxon, blow [* alarm] Verb From faran taste, flavor, aroma Noun faranje tasty, rich in flavor; delicious Noun faraqe- * ¡ flavor, aromatize, perfume ¡ (with *) Verb From fase- * ¡ be jealous of ¡ because of *, covet * Verb fawda- dine, feast, eat opulently Noun from fecca hate Noun fecca- # hate, hate ¡ for * Verb feccaj enemy, hated person Noun fegga- # walk (high gait), stride, march [on *, to ¡] Verb fel female Noun felles sword (long-handled, single blade) Noun fendi / fedin elegant, nimble, agile, fluent Noun From fendre picture, image Noun fendre- # draw (with a pen), portray Verb fendremo camera Noun fide neck Noun fiq / finge 7, seven Quantifier firo- be present, exist, "there is" Verb fiste ashes Noun fizhde / fizete 56 Quantifier foli tradition, custom; convention Noun folinje traditional, conventional, usual Noun fom / fombee hot Noun foma care, medical care, treatment Noun From fomaja healing house, hospital Noun fomba heat Noun fombo oven, furnace Noun fompe- ¡ heat (strongly, e.g. metal in a forgery) Verb fovel wood (material) Noun franna- ¡ taste, sample Verb From frash beer Quantifier fros fire Noun frosse- ¡ set fire to, incite, burn (v.tr.) Verb fu- (fume) # blow (wind) [through *, at ¡] Verb Past forms from the stem fun-/fu- mis- (fail to ..., do ... wrongly) Affix fune- ¡ abuse, do wrong to Verb funiga malady, sickness, bad health Noun funte bad (flawed, inefficient, low-quality) Noun furolda- * stumble, trip over * Verb futame silk Noun fuxi feather Noun fwam- ¡ care, provide for; treat (medically) Verb fwello board, sheet of wood Noun From from fwiganje sick, unhealthy Noun fyra sleep Noun fyrni sleepy, tired Noun fyro- * sleep [on, in *] Verb fys mouth Noun gaciq net; web Noun gal- ¡ be beautiful [to ¡] Verb galem beautiful Noun galimo- * be happy, rejoice [about *] Verb galin happy Noun galma beauty Noun gara shop, market stall Noun gatsi snail Noun gea / gjae blue (indigo) Noun gec foul, vile; stinking Noun ged bundle; sum; summary Noun genta / getan fear Noun genta- # fear, be afraid of Verb gentova- * ¡ scare ¡ with *, frighten Verb gette- ¡ bundle up, sum up Verb gexa- stink; be disgusting Verb gid- (ginde) * ¡ throw * [at ¡]; launch ¡ Verb gil- * ¡ pull ¡; pull * from ¡ Verb gilam grandparent Noun gilla age; oldness Noun gille old, old person Noun gitso thrown object, projectile Noun gjam disgusting, repulsive Noun From glas fat (substance) Noun glavi liver Noun gles blade Noun gles- ¡ cut Verb glosso cut, incision, groove Noun goj strong, powerful Noun goja power, might Noun gojanje mighty, influential Noun golan clay Noun gonje intense, strong (tea), hard (work) Noun gora- ¡ lose [against ¡, at *] Verb gore last, latest, loser (of a race) Noun gorod fault, mistake Noun gorod- # fail [at *, ¡ (a person)] Verb gowa- * ¡ grease, anoint ¡ with *, rub * onto ¡ Verb goxa / gwae ear Noun grue / guree worm Noun gullu dark, somber Noun gulwa darkness; absence/scarcity of light Noun guma- ¡ kiss as a lover (generic) Verb gun house, building Noun gun puqa- pay the rent Verb gun- (gunne) # build Verb gunedda- ¡ cement ¡; confirm, seal (a deal) Verb gunet mortar, cement Noun gunno brick, element Noun guq draft, gulp, mouthful (onomatopoeic) Noun guq- (guqqe) ¡ swallow (onomatopoeic) Verb gura- * ¡ bait ¡ [with *], tempt, seduce Verb Related to gus indoors, inside a house Adverb From gusas- ¡ deep-fry, fry in oil Verb gwaj too, too much, too many Quantifier gwal blood Noun gwan- (gwanne) * ¡ hear [¡], hear * from ¡ Verb gwanna- ¡ listen to Verb gwarda- ¡ work [for ¡] Verb gwiq too little, not enough Quantifier gwo oil Noun gy with (instrumental) Preposition gyme belt Noun ic- fall [onto ¡] Verb iccad fall, autumn Noun From icche- * ¡ drop * onto ¡, let * fall Verb idze- * ¡ make wet, drench, soak Verb idzi wet Noun iga health, well-being Noun iganje healthy (person), vivid, active Noun iglue waterfall Noun From + igona- * ¡ elect ¡ [as/for *] Verb ille / illee light (AOT darkness) Noun ilni bright, light (AOT dark) Noun im bread Noun imla- * ¡ smile [at ¡, for/because of *] Verb imme- # bake Verb immo pastry, bakery goods Noun indra bay Noun ingo / igon voice (speaking) Noun ingwaja choir Noun jae / e / we personal pronoun III Noun jasi trim, toned, well-built Noun jav 4, four Quantifier jazhde / jazete 32 Quantifier jece any Quantifier No definite form jel ware, merchandise Noun jen- (jenne) * ¡ wash # [of/for ¡] Verb jende- * ¡ cleanse, purify ¡ [of *] Verb jendi / jennie clean, freshly washed, pure Noun jenna- * ¡ forgive ¡ for * Verb jerem noon, midday (the hot time around noon) Noun jocan plain, open space, grassland Noun jocanje plain and wide open; free Noun joce wide Noun jokor but rather, but instead, "sondern" Conjunction From + joq but, however Conjunction jor- # wander, migrate, travel [to ¡, in/by *] Verb jos outdoors, outside a house, in the wild Adverb From josni nature..., pertaining to the outdoors Noun joso excursion, adventure, trip Noun jub- (jumbe) ¡ run (speedily) [to ¡] Verb jue / juwee loud; fig: prominent, obvious Noun jumma- ¡ run, sprint (all out) [to ¡] Verb jummanje hasty, as fast as possible Noun From kae air Noun kae- * breathe Verb kala- * ¡ use * [for ¡]; utilize ¡ Verb kalen shield Noun kalen- (kalenne) ¡ ward off, parry, deflect Verb kalugam determination, fixed intention; stubbornness Noun From and kalwe will, resolve Noun karac wall (of stone, defensive etc...) Noun kat hard, unyielding Noun kaw or (inclusive) Conjunction kawre / koree other, different Quantifier kcajri stone, pebble Noun kcare rock, stone (material) Noun kcaro rock (large natural formation of rock) Noun kcima- * ¡ answer, reply * [to ¡] Verb kcime answer, reply; reaction Noun kcossa hammer Noun kcuf smoke Noun kcup chest, thorax Noun kej towards; fig: nearly Preposition kel- # see Verb kella- ¡ look at, watch, observe, scrutinize Verb kelraze horizon Noun From + kelse- * ¡ show, demonstrate [* to ¡] Verb kerde town, settlement Noun kerdo- * ¡ dwell, live [in *]; populate ¡ [with *] Verb kerdomaja population Noun From kerke bark (of a tree) Noun ki to, up to Preposition ki- begin to ..., set out to ... Affix kic roof; shelter Noun kica- * ¡ shelter ¡ from *, house ¡ (overnight) Verb kil glass (of water), glass cup Noun kilni clear, transparent; understandable; sober Noun kimo- * become *; come into existence, come to be Verb kinedja- learn (by heart), memorize Verb kipjo- * ¡ accustom ¡ to *, "¡ an * gewšhnen" Verb From + kitsaj student; apprentice Noun Shortened from kitsaja class (of students) Noun kitsan- learn, get to know, master Verb kjes- * mount, board Verb kjobaja hair (headful), mane Noun See kjobe hair (single) Noun See kodda- ¡ own, possess, control Verb kojne tea Noun kollec- ¡ account, keep book; calculate, compute Verb kollecmo calculator, computer Noun komme drum Noun kor- ¡ count (numbers) Verb korbwa- ¡ number, assign a number to Verb kormo number Noun kormonja number, numerical size, count Noun kormonje numerous, many Noun korni different Noun kosh of (possessive), belonging to Preposition kot- (konte) * ¡ have *, possess ¡; hold ¡ *, find ¡ * Verb kowa will (to do sth); craving Noun kowol shadow; shade Noun Related to krani basket Noun krat stick (of wood), club Noun kri- (krime) * ¡ feel, experience [¡ as *], sense ¡ Verb See kri- ne (krime) * feel * (sick), "sich * fŸhlen" Verb Reflexive of kria emotion Noun krik- (krinke) ¡ scratch Verb krok apart, in pieces, broken Noun krok- (kronke) ¡ break apart Verb kruc war Noun kruc damn! hell! Interjection kulda- * ¡ punish ¡ for * Verb kulde punishment, penalty, fine Noun kumbra thunder Noun kumbraja thunderstorm Noun From kur- burn (v.intr.) Verb kura- # balance; tune; mediate (between ¡); pacify Verb kuraj diplomat, mediator, ambassador Noun kuri snow Noun kurno flame Noun kurno- ¡ shine (brightly, warmly) [onto ¡]; flare Verb kux or (exclusive) Conjunction kwaq duck Noun kwaq- (kwaqqe) * float, swim (passively) [on *] Verb kwaqqo buoy, floater Noun kwas- ¡ destroy Verb kwasni destructive Noun kwete thick; fat (figure) Noun kwexe silver Noun kwidi quidium Noun kwo- (kwome) # want; LIQ: "Lust haben auf #" Verb kwosea wish Noun kwozza- ¡ wish (for), fancy, want Verb kykru louse Noun kyle half; half-filled, half-finished Noun kys peak, pinnacle Noun kyva- * ¡ argue [about *], debate [* with ¡], discuss Verb ladra- ¡ boil, cook (trans.) Verb ladranje boiling hot, scorching Noun ladro pot Noun ladrue boiling water, hot water, tea water Noun laj fellow, comrade Noun lajo- * be alike to, be akin to, be like ... Verb lal holy; fig.: most important, most sensitive Noun lam- (lamme) ¡ follow Verb lamme- * ¡ imitate ¡, do * just like ¡ Verb From lammu along, according to, following Preposition lammu kalwe arbitrar(il)y Adverb Idiomatic expression lande / ladem leg (including the hip) Noun lante grey Noun lantse so that, with the consequence that, entailing Preposition From + laq with (comitative) Preposition laqqa- * wear, bring along, carry around Verb From las- * swim (actively) [in, on *] Verb lawka- * ¡ suckle * [from ¡], drink actively Verb lawne song Noun lazi juice, sap Noun lazyt ice cream, sorbet Noun From + le (Clitic form of . See ) Noun lec- # play (* an instrument), operate, direct; drive, use; manage (money) Verb ledu bandage, gauze Noun Related to lem possessive pronoun II Noun lemwe together Adverb lenjan agreement, bilateral promise; contract Noun From + lenjanna- * ¡ agree [with ¡] upon *, decide (collectively) Verb lenje together, assembled, cooperative Noun lenje- # assemble * into ¡, put together #, gather ¡ Verb lento glue Noun lesso device, apparatus, machine, gizmo Noun let- (lente) # stick to, adhere; fig: follow s.o. everywhere Verb Idiom: "bothering me" leva- * try, attempt Verb lezhni juicy; luscious Noun lil- * ¡ owe * to ¡, be indebted to ¡ Verb lilaj ower, debitor Noun lilla- # should, ought to; owe Verb lilo debt Noun lindza meaning, sense; meaningful Noun lindzo- * ¡ mean * [to ¡]; make sense, have meaning Verb lino- assemble (intr), come together, meet Verb lire star (in the sky) Noun lirnaja starscape, clear night sky Noun lis cold Noun lisa coldness Noun lize time (specific, punctual), moment Noun AOT lizmu briefly, for a short time Adverb lizni short (temporally) Noun lod- (londe) * ¡ wrap * around ¡, tightly clothe ¡, bandage ¡ Verb Related to lom then, after that, consequently Adverb longo / logon voice (singing) Noun lonna- * ¡ sing #, sing * to ¡ Verb lorma- * ¡ earn ¡ (with *) Verb From + lotso burrito, tortilla wrap, shawerma Noun lowze / luzee lip Noun lue water Noun lug hat Noun lusse- ¡ kiss (give a single kiss) Verb lutsu peck, little kiss Noun lutsua- ¡ give a quick little kiss Verb luz- ¡ kiss (generic) Verb luzguma- ¡ kiss as a lover (lips only) Verb luzo kiss (generic) Noun luzova- ¡ kiss ceremonially Verb lynse- * ¡ sit on *; man ¡; fig: beleaguer ¡ Verb lynso chair, seat Noun lyz sand Noun maca- ¡ rule, reign Verb macaja kingdom, empire Noun macam regent, king/queen, monarch Noun madje milk Noun magre grass Noun maj yes (contrastive) Interjection majol bridge Noun majre tune, melody Noun makra angry; angriness, ire, wrath Noun mal- ¡ lick Verb mali goddess Noun malma- ¡ kiss (passionate/nonintrusive), lick Verb malme tongue Noun malmitsi strawberry Noun From + manis yellow Noun mar port, haven Noun massin domain, estate, possessed land Noun From + mat- (mante) * ¡ bring ¡, transfer, move # [to ¡] Verb mat- nu (mante) ¡ go, move (oneself) [to ¡] Verb Reflexive form of mawra ground, floor Verb mej fruit Noun melinja divinity Noun melinje divine Noun memwe despite, in spite of, still Adverb menje odds-defying, despite, counterproof Noun micta order, pattern Noun micte regular, ordered, sorted, arranged Noun mire gold Noun mitsi berry Noun Diminutive of miv- ¡ come, move close [to] Verb Irregular Past Passive Participle mivva- * ¡ arrive [at ¡], hit ¡ with * Verb miwim honey biscuit, tirggel Noun mixu / mjue honey Noun miz hi, hello Interjection miza day, daytime Noun miza- be awake, spend ¡ (time, the day etc.) Verb mizalal holiday Noun mo- (mom, irr.) * be Verb See grammar section for conjugation forms. mojga- ¡ squeeze, compress, hug tightly Verb mojne race; contest Noun more earth, soil, humus Noun morni dirty, soiled (as after garden work) Noun mosta essence, soul Noun mowa bear (animal) Noun mugi cow, bovine Noun muj as; in the function of, representing Preposition mulle warm Noun mulle- ¡ warm up, heat (moderately, e.g. a room) Verb mussa- ¡ bind together, link; entwine, knot Verb From musso knot Noun From muta- rise (water), swell Verb mwango- ¡ kiss (a lover) in a slow, prolongued and relishing fashion Verb myse sweet Noun myz rope Noun myz- * ¡ tie # [with *, to ¡], bind ¡ Verb myzmo tether, leash Noun na / nae collective, all together Quantifier As opposed to "all ... in general" nacej each, every single Quantifier No indefinite form nacon both Quantifier nago path, way, passage; strait Noun Related to nagwa- * ¡ lead ¡, guide ¡ [through *] Verb naj member Noun naja society; team; group Quantifier nambe / nambee mushroom, fungus, toadstool Noun nanke- ¡ befriend, come to terms with Verb naq friend, colleague Noun naq- (naqqe) # like (e.g. as a friend) Verb naqse popular; liked Noun PPP of nat- (nante) ¡ fold, collapse; tidy up Verb navize always, at all times Noun navys everywhere, in every place Adverb naw adverbial phrase head, "in a ... manner", "like a ...", "in the way of ..." Adverb nawa- # revel in *, savor ¡, enjoy # Verb nawajd- (nawajne) ¡ decide ¡ Verb From + naze evening (starts when air gets cooler) Noun ne (Clitic form of . See ) Noun nedja- ¡ know (by heart), recognize Verb nef smell, odor Noun nef- (nefme) ¡ smell (perceive with the nose) Verb neffo- smell (send out odor) Verb nejce / nice all; whole, total Noun nicce- ¡ complete, finish Verb nicu totally, wholely Adverb nikol muscular, burly Noun nim possessive pronoun reflexive Noun niq small Noun nitsi tiny Noun njan word (written, vocabulary) Noun njose- * ¡ prepare ¡ for * Verb njosh ready, prepared Noun nobra / nobrae glory, heroism Noun nobraj hero, role model Noun nobres (coll.) good (morally, ethically), not evil Noun Short form of nobroveste (lyr.) good (morally, ethically), not evil Noun noc message Noun noe / ne / nu personal pronoun reflexive, self Noun noga- * ¡ report ¡, inform ¡ about *, relay * to ¡, "melden" Verb noj- # perceive (physically), be aware of Verb noja perception; sense (e.g. sight, hearing...) Noun nok- (nonke) # go [¡ somewhere; to do *]; happen [to ¡] Verb nom road Noun nomaj messenger, courier Noun nommeda inn, hotel, hostel Noun From + nossa book Noun notso burrito, kebab Noun nova truth Noun nove true, truthful; genuine, real Noun novni honest, sincere Noun now really, truly, in fact, actually Adverb From nuja category, class, kind, sort, type Noun nune arm (body part) Noun ny all (generic), "... in general" Quantifier AOT "all of a group" nyche- ¡ sort, classify Verb nynje categorical, typical Noun o raw ciao, generic familiar greeting Interjection lit: (may) well o raw mizale good day, hello Interjection lit: live well o raw nukre good day/bye, generic formal greeting Interjection lit: go well o raw senre good bye Interjection lit: leave well obaj giant, tall and bulky person Noun obe big Noun obrenje of or pertaining to Obrenaja; the language Obrenje Noun obro / obroe antelope Noun od anti-diminutive Affix ojblenso throne Noun ojme great (size) Noun oli drink Noun olja- # drink #, toast to ¡ with * Verb oljo cup, drinking vessel Noun ombe / ombee wine Noun omwa / umae ocean, sea Noun onge potato Noun onje such ...! so ...! what a ...! Noun From ont- (onne) * ¡ cover ¡ with *; hide ¡ under * Verb onto blanket Noun ori gorgeous, extraordinarily beautiful Noun oros storm Noun orosni stormy; fig. wild, temperamental Noun orra tango Noun otiq point, spot Noun ova hope Noun ova- give (verb derivation) Affix ovo- * hope Verb ow indeed, truly, even Adverb ow yes; indeed not (affirmative) Interjection ozae today Adverb pace- * ¡ sew # [to ¡], stitch, attach with a thread Verb paci thread Noun paj- * would like, have appetite for, be in the mood for, "Lust haben auf" Verb paje light hunger; mood for ..., "Lust (auf ...)" Noun pak- * ¡ hit, punch, beat up ¡ (with *) Verb pal- * grow; become *, turn into * Verb palis flour Noun pallad spring (season) Noun From palte tail Noun pan / pandee animal Noun patce belly, abdomen Noun patso cushion Noun pawg- (ponge) ¡ fight Verb pax fabric, cloth; weave Noun pecci dust Noun pecjo- hover, hang (like dust in the air); linger Verb pejt- (pente) ¡ be missing (intr.), "fehlen", "manquer" Verb pelve wind Noun pend- (penne) * die [from *] Verb pere bottle, jug Noun pevad corner; wall-tower; vertex Noun pidira delay, waiting time Noun pidiranje delayed, late (for a date), postponed Noun pidra- # wait; await, expect Verb pinla person; people Noun pitse needle Noun pitse- ¡ perforate, pierce, sting Verb pitselde pine, conifer Noun pjori wonder, puzzle Noun plavon sail Noun plavon- (plavonne) # sail [* (ship), ¡ (waters)] Verb plaz- * be proud [of *] Verb plaze pride Noun plazhni proud Noun plene beard Noun plene della goatee Noun plequlme moustache Noun From + poge fight, combat Noun pojo- * be used/accustomed to, use to do Verb pon / poden dead Noun ponda death Noun pondo- be dead, be extinct, no longer exist Verb pova- * ¡ donate * [to ¡], give ¡ as a gift Verb povamo dispenser Noun From pow- * ¡ give * [to ¡] Verb prazna 512 Quantifier prej from the direction of, "fromwards" Preposition pri from, out of Preposition pri kelese /pri'kle:S/ so, ergo, therefore Adverb Meaning "from what is seen" pri- stop ...ing, interrupt ...ing, cease to ... Affix prid- (prinde) * ¡ remove, take away * [from ¡] Verb prid- nu (prinde) ¡ leave ¡, go away Verb Reflexive form of primo- * end (intr.), stop being * Verb pris- * get off (* a steed), de-mount Verb prymmo- ¡ give birth to, bring to life Verb pue very, highly Adverb punce many, much Quantifier pungrome salary, prize Noun From and pungu a lot, often Adverb Related to pungun rent Noun punke- * ¡ sell ¡ (for *) Verb puqa- * ¡ pay [¡ (person) for * (ware)] Verb puqe money Noun pwaj pain, hurt Noun pwaj- * hurt from *, feel pain, suffer Verb pwajja- * ¡ hurt ¡ with * Verb pwase- * ¡ donate, offer # as a present [to ¡] Verb pwaso gift, present, donation Noun pwes tooth Noun pwes- ¡ bite Verb pyka- ¡ catch, grab, capture Verb pylin guitar Noun pyron cake, pie Noun qar red Noun qes methinks, I think that..., IMHO Adverb qessa- ¡ mean, think, have the opinion ... Verb qite leaf Noun qulma- ¡ sniff Verb qulme nose Noun qunke- ¡ ridiculize, make a fool of; dishonor Verb quq stupid, dumb; fool, idiot Noun quqo- be stupid, dumb Verb From ral good (nice, efficient, high-quality) Noun ram- (ramme) * ¡ receive * [from ¡], accept, get Verb randa belief, faith Noun randa- # believe, have faith in Verb ras- * climb, scale, go up Verb rasso stairs Noun raw well Adverb Shortened from raze border, limit; line Noun razeni tranquility, quiet peace Noun razenje tranquil, quiet, peaceful, mellow, calm Noun rel- * ¡ buy, purchase # [from ¡] Verb relen between Preposition rem farm Noun rembo / remoe farmer Noun From rena name Noun rena- * ¡ name ¡ *, call ¡ by name Verb ric false, untrue Noun ricaj villain, evildoer Noun rice- * ¡ lie [*] to ¡ (speak untruthful) Verb ricea lie Noun rictapeste (lyr.) evil Noun rictes (coll.) evil Noun Short form of ridze straight, ahead Noun ridzha- * ¡ aim * at ¡, aim for ¡; head for ¡ Verb riq few, little Quantifier ro on, in, at (locative) Preposition Compare: "inside" roc sad, grieving Noun roca grief, sadness Noun roco- * grieve for *, be sad Verb roj through; across Preposition roj- complete ...ing Affix rolda- ¡ walk (leisurely, low gait) [on ¡] Verb roma- ¡ work (physically) [¡ (soil)], labor Verb romaj worker, (agricultural) laborer Noun ronde / rodem self, own, proper Noun ruca spider Noun rulla- sway, rock (a cradle); roll (of waves) Verb rulle wave Noun run / rundee dream (at night) Noun rund- (runne) * dream (at night) [of *] Verb ruxaciq cobweb, spider web Noun ruxal east Noun ryl / rylle 3, three Quantifier ryme new Noun ryndzhadar hornet Noun rynte wasp Noun ryzhde / ryzete 24 Quantifier sa hand Noun sabesh ford Noun sad- (sande) ¡ touch Verb sade light (AOT heavy) Noun saf- ¡ rub (vigorously) Verb safi skirt Noun sajra bird of prey, eagle, falcon Noun sales handblade, dagger, knife Noun salim cat Noun sammi crucial, critical Noun sampe / sapen heart; fig.: crucial element Noun sampros passion Noun From + sas- * ¡ fry ¡ [in *] (in a pan) Verb sawne flesh, meat Noun sawre bird (general), large flying animal Noun se / sej several, unmarked plural Quantifier seb- (sembe) * live (* a life) Verb seba life Noun sekem ¡ split, cleave, divide Verb sen- (senne) * ¡ let ¡, allow ¡ to be/do *; leave ¡ [*(alone)] Verb senko axe Noun From "cleaving thing" seta- ¡ guard [from ¡] Verb setas yonder (over there) Adverb Pronounce /Stas/ setax, setaj yon Noun Pronounce /Sta/, /Staj/ sho- # (shome) be allowed [to *], be cleared for [a ¡], "dŸrfen" Verb From shoto flag, banner Noun sibro ant Noun sil rain Noun sil- * ¡ rain [* onto ¡] Verb sin land, country, rural Noun sinaja nation, country Noun sipse survivable; acceptable Noun FPP of sive- ¡ turn ¡, veer, rotate Verb sivo wheel Noun slicte / slite dirty, impure, stained (with sweat) Noun somme side, flank; aspect Noun sommu beside, next to, alongside Preposition sonja- # desire, crave Noun sonje willing, aroused Noun sore egg Noun sori bitter Noun sow among; amidst Preposition sow some of, part of Quantifier soxal north Noun sulga- rot, decompose Verb sulge rotten, foul Noun sum- ¡ please (non-sexually), be to ¡'s liking Verb Span. "gustar", Germ. "gefallen" sure moon Noun surni pale, whitish Noun swog guts, intestine Noun syre narrow Noun syt ice Noun syto- freeze (intr.) Verb sytte- ¡ freeze (trans.) Verb ta- not, un- Affix tacta- ¡ wipe Verb tacto broom Noun tak / takel bone Noun talaqqa- # lack, miss Verb talemwe apart; distant, not together Adverb tamatse immobile, stationary, lit. "unmoved" Noun tami young woman, "babe"; archaic: maiden Noun tamicta- ¡ confuse, mix up Verb taminje feminine, sexy (and female) Noun From tanaj outsider, non-member Noun tanaq- (tanaqqe) # dislike Verb tane young Noun tapish gratis, free of charge Noun From "not to be paid" tarni unpleasant Noun taru more, to a higher degree Adverb tas / taso 0, zero, none, nobody Quantifier tas- # * ¡ not be *, not do # [to ¡] Verb See grammar section for conjugation forms. tash not Adverb tash no, don't (negation) Interjection tavize never Noun tawra room (large, public); hall Noun tawte not yet Adverb tcaq glass (material), window pane Noun tco- (tcome) stand Verb tcom tall Noun tcuj- * ¡ spit [* at ¡] Verb Onomatopoeic tcungu / tcugun bull; large male animal Noun tec white Noun tekse- * ¡ cook #, prepare * (a meal) [for ¡] Verb teksemaj cook, locom housekeeper Noun tekso meal (cooked) Noun Lit.: "Something to be eaten" tenne morning (up to where it gets hot) Noun tetra cause, reason Noun tetre due to, because of (+ noun phrase) Preposition AOT ti this here Noun tile plant Noun timwe so, like this, in this fashion Adverb tin male, man Noun tinje such, a ... like this Noun tiran rose (flower) Noun tis here (with me) Adverb tish spear, lance (not to be thrown) Noun tissem * ¡ stab # [with *], stick * into ¡, impale Verb tize now Adverb tjaw hunt Noun tjaw- # hunt Verb tje that there Noun tjemu so, like that, in that fashion Adverb tjeni such, a ... like that Noun tjerva bird (small, singing) Noun tjes there (with you) Adverb tjeze then (in the past or future) Adverb tjo- * ¡ seem, appear, look * [to ¡] Verb tjomaj hunter Noun tjowa appearance; looks Noun tjue looking ..., seeming ... Preposition From tjutje cute, lovable, sweetie Noun toboq gopher Noun toboqa- ¡ nibble, kiss Verb toc- (toqqe) * ¡ must, have to *, be obliged to ¡ [to do *] Verb tog- (tonge) # eat Verb toge food Noun toj because, for, since (+ clause), "denn" Conjunction AOT torva man (adult) Quantifier torvanje manly, man-like, masculine Noun From tose sufficient Noun From "filled" toshu enough, sufficiently Adverb tozza- ¡ suffice; fulfill Verb tra / tare more / most Noun tral better / best Noun tranje superior, more numerous Noun trova- * ¡ add * to ¡ Verb From + trunte worse / worst Noun tryb- (trymbe) * ¡ beckon, wink, wave; signal * to ¡ Verb tsan reason, rational mind Noun tsan- (tsanne) # know, understand, command (a skill) Verb tsanne- * ¡ teach * to ¡, instruct, train Verb tsannea science, lore Noun tsanni sharp-minded, intelligent, understanding, clever Noun tsatsa / tsatsae twitchy, nervous, hyperactive Noun tsatsa- twitch, act highly nervous Verb tse that (generic subordinate clause marker) Conjunction tsem field, agricultural land Noun tsemmaj teacher Noun Shortened from tseni spicy, hot, picante Noun tshaj spice Noun tshoe / tosee thing, object Noun tshonje real, concrete, tangible Noun tsi diminutive, affectionate form (for females) Affix tsik sharp (knife); stinging (pain) Noun tsinki precise, exact, punctual Noun tsire skin Noun tsirme feel (physically, e.g. a touch), perceive subconsciously Noun tsitse- * have a crush on, be crazy about, be (superficially) in love with Verb tsitsi / tsitsie crazy, insane, freaked out Noun tsu diminutive, affectionate form Affix See , female form tsug- (tsung-) ¡ kill (through violence) Verb tsuko weapon (of war) Noun tsule- ¡ drink (something alcoholic) Verb tsuli alcohol; schnaps, booze Noun tsuline- * ¡ inebriate ¡ with *, get ¡ drunk on * Verb tsulni drunk; groggy, intoxicated Noun tua / twae adolescent, teenager Noun tukan adverse; opposition Noun tukan against, anti- Preposition tum / tumee back (body part); bridge (of the nose) Noun tum- # carry (on the back), transport, convey Verb tuma young man, "hunk"; archaic: unmarried man Noun tumanje masculine, sexy (and male) Noun From tummo bag, backpack Noun tumpoj bus Noun From + tunga- * ¡ oppose (* concept, ¡ person), rebel against ¡, disagree on * [with ¡] Verb From tunke / tuken long (spatially) Noun tuqqi elongate Noun tuqqo staff Noun twanje juvenile, foolish due to inexperience Noun twantshoe / twantosee opposite, contrary; nemesis Noun twox salt Noun tyf trace, track, footstep Noun tymme honored, well-respected Noun tyra scent, aroma, perfume Noun tyra- * ¡ scent ¡ with *, aromatize Verb tyv- (tymme) # trace, track ¡; read # Verb uc- # push ¡, push * into ¡ Verb ula Love (romantic, serious) Noun ula- ¡ Love (romantic, serious) Verb From ulanje romantic Noun ulaq- ¡ kiss passionately and intrusively (French) Verb ulle round, sphere Noun ullo ball Noun From ultsi bead; drop; pastille Noun From umad deep, profound Noun umba / umbae whale Noun ummom be pregnant, carry (a child) Noun umwe as a matter of fact, obviously Adverb ungra leather, hide, animal skin Noun ungra- ¡ skin (an animal), peel Verb unje positive, affirmative; established (truth) Noun unta- * love (as a friend/relative), be fond of Verb untaj intimate friend Noun unteche- ¡ befriend, make friends with Verb ur of (descriptive genitive), endowed with Preposition uraj door; entrance Noun urefwel threshold; limit Noun uris bee Noun urod gate, portal Noun us far, away Noun uzim wing Noun uzim- ¡ fly (actively) (e.g. the air) Verb vaj who? Noun val- * ¡ protect ¡ [from *], safeguard, defend Verb vala security, safeness Noun valaj guardian, protector, overseer, keeper Noun vale safe, secure, protected Noun valle- * ¡ save, rescue ¡ [from *] Verb valma- ¡ lock Verb valmo lock; ext: safe (Tresor) Noun valomel keyhole Noun From + female ending valomin key Noun From + male ending varos tower Noun vatsi moss Noun ve / vee what? / which? Noun ved right (hand side) Noun veda home, house (where people live) Noun vedanje welcome, cosy, at home Noun vedanje- ¡ welcome, make ¡ at home Verb vedanjo shelter, sanctuary Noun vel same, equal Quantifier velni similar, alike, like ... Noun velo- * equal, be the same as, be equivalent to Verb vem whose? (interrogative) Noun -> Relative vemwe how? in which manner? Adverb ven yet, and still; and on the other hand Conjunction venje what kind/sort of ...? Noun -> relative vike will, intention; plan; design Noun vikke- # intend, have in mind; plan Verb vin about (a topic), compared with, concerning, with respect to (wrt) Preposition vis head Noun vize when? Adverb volla- ¡ make love [to ¡] Verb AOT volle lovemaking, sex with Love Noun von sir, mister, madam Noun From vorno lord, duke, aristocrat Noun voronel duchesse, princess Noun voronin duke, prince Noun vuje why? Adverb vul / vulle 6, six Quantifier vunce how much? how many? Quantifier vusso hit (on a target) Noun vuxe way, manner, fashion Noun vuzhde / vuzete 48 Quantifier vuzza- * ¡ hit ¡ [with *] Verb vy introduces a yes/no question Conjunction vyga thanks Noun vyke- * ¡ thank ¡ [for *] Verb vys where? Adverb war- ¡ bark (like a dog) [at ¡] Verb warve dog Noun Onomatopoeic wel fish Noun wen fair, lovely, pretty Noun wend- (wenne) run (comfortably), jog Verb wide rare, elusive Noun wikka dang! heck! Interjection From wis fog Noun woj adult relatives (uncles, aunts) Noun wujka demon, malevolent ghost Noun xebem cyan, sky-blue Noun xeli pretty; pleasant Noun xim possessive pronoun I Noun ximma- ¡ anchor, secure Verb ximme- * settle [into *]; grow roots Verb ximo root; anchor Noun xinda- ¡ grip, clutch Verb xint- (xinne) # hold; carry in a hand Verb xintso handle, grip Noun xyna language Noun xyxe fly (the insect) Noun xyxha- * ¡ bother ¡ with *, molest ¡, bug ¡ Verb From ydza- # have sex Verb AOT yro metal Noun yste sex (not necessarily with Love) Noun yxal west Noun zae / ez / zaw personal pronoun I Noun Clitic form: zagu tent Noun zagwa- * camp (on, in, at *) Verb zagwaja camp, encampment, temporary settlement Noun zami flower Noun ze (Clitic form of . See ) Noun zefful / zeffulle 14, fourteen Quantifier zend- (zenne) * ¡ help ¡ [with *] Verb zendi help Noun zenje helpful, useful, practical Noun zeprem 13, thirteen Quantifier zet 8, eight Quantifier zetcon / zetconne 10, ten Quantifier zetes / zetcej 9, nine Quantifier zetfiq / zetfinge 15, fifteen Quantifier zetjav 12, twelve Quantifier zetryl / zetrylle 11, eleven Quantifier zew certainly, surely, assuredly Adverb From +adverb ending zhadar dragon Noun zhange common, frequent Noun zic certain, sure, assured Noun zin- (zinne) * ¡ talk to ¡ [about *], tell * [to ¡], speak Verb zinsa- * ¡ announce * [to ¡]; declare * Verb zinsea announcement, declaration Noun zinso word (spoken) Noun zip OK, acceptable, in order Noun zip OK Interjection zora 64 Quantifier zun child, offspring Noun zun- (zunne) * ¡ play * [with ¡ (pers)], play with * (thing) Verb zunje childish, na•ve Noun zyco pepper Noun zyva breeze, soft pleasant wind Noun